Fertilizer 101: What those numbers really mean
April 4, 2026
Up, down, all around

What do the numbers on a bag of fertilizer, such as 20-8-12, mean?
These labels can be too much like secret codes, and it's easy to assume that higher numbers means more results. Healthy gardens are less about fertilizer and more about using the right product, at the right time, in the right way to contribute to soil and ecosystem health.
Let's break it down. The numbers represent the percentage, by weight, of the three major nutrients plants need most: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), and Potassium (K). And the easiest way to think about these things is "up, down and all around"


